It’s no surprise that more and more research is warning
parents of the negative effects of prolonged digital device usage. We’ve seen
the effects from the last thirty years manifest itself in current generations.
An increase in obesity, ADHD and other behavioral disorders have all been
linked to too much time spent on digital devices such as television, smart
phones and other devices. As communications professionals, it is important for
us to understand these effects and consider them in our communications and
advertising strategies for our organizations.
Research on conventional media, such as television, has recognized
health concerns and negative consequences that relate to the length of time and
content of viewing material. Over the last ten years, the consumption of
digital media, including interactive and social media, has flourished, and
research evidence proposes that these offer equally advantages and disadvantages
to the wellbeing of children and teenagers. Some of the evidence-based benefits
seen in the usage of digital and social media include early education, introduction
to novel ideas and information, and increased social interaction. According to
a 2016 article published by the American Academy of Pediatrics,
“Risks of such
media include negative health effects on sleep, attention, and learning; a
higher incidence of obesity and depression; exposure to inaccurate,
inappropriate, or unsafe content and contacts; and compromised privacy and
confidentiality.”
Over the last thirty years our exposure to media has
drastically changed. For instance, in 1970, children began to watch television regularly
around the age of four, however today, children begin interacting with digital
media as early as four months of age. In
one study by Loprinzi and Davis, they studied almost 13,000 children and their
viewing habits when it came to television between 2001 and 2012 using data from
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study showed
significant decreases in average television viewing over time. However, despite
these kinds of studies showing the time spent in front of the television has
decreased, the majority of parents still report that their children watched television
for two or more hours per day (Loprinzi, 2016). What is more
concerning is while the amount of traditional television viewing has increased,
it is simply being replaced by other digital devices and modes of entertainment
such as apps and video games. Video games are very common among families; it is
estimated that 4 out of 5 households own a device used to play video games, and
approximately half of US homes own a dedicated game console. (Association, 2015).
According to Dr. Jim Taylor, an expert in child psychology,
there is now an increasing amount of research that technology can be both
beneficial and detrimental to different ways in which children think. He goes
on to say
“this influence isn’t just affecting children on the surface of their
thinking. Rather, because their brains are still developing and malleable,
frequent exposure by so-called digital natives to technology is actually wiring
the brain in ways very different than in previous generations. What is clear is
that, as with advances throughout history, the technology that is available
determines how our brain develops. For example, as the technology writer
Nicholas Carr has observed, the emergence of reading encouraged our brains to
be focused and imaginative. In contrast, the rise of the Internet is
strengthening our ability to scan information rapidly and efficiently” (Jim Taylor, 2012).
Cris Rowan, a
pediatric occupational therapists and writer also explains that children’s
“developing
sensory, motor, and attachment systems have biologically not evolved to
accommodate this sedentary, yet frenzied and chaotic nature of today’s
technology. The impact of rapidly advancing technology on the developing child
has seen an increase of physical, psychological and behavior disorders that the
health and education systems are just beginning to detect, much less
understand. Child obesity and diabetes are now national epidemics in both
Canada and the U.S., causally related to technology overuse. Diagnoses of ADHD,
autism, coordination disorder, developmental delays, unintelligible speech,
learning difficulties, sensory processing disorder, anxiety, depression, and
sleep disorders are associated with technology overuse, and are increasing at
an alarming rate” (Rowan, 2013).
Experts from various
fields obviously agree that while there are some benefits from technology usage
by children, there is far more research that needs to be done in order to see
if the good outweighs the bad.
As strategic communications professionals, we have a responsibility
to future generations on how we use this new digital age and what the effects
will be on our audience. Contemporary media
has afforded expanding opportunities for marketing professionals and
advertisers to target their audience in ways we have not seen before. They are
able to change their messages to reach millions of people, which include
children and teenagers. For example, even though restrictions exist to regulate
exposure to advertisements for alcohol and tobacco products in traditional
media, top alcohol and tobacco brands have a strong presence on social media
which opens up the field of products and images that children and teenagers are
exposed to. Searching for these products often makes them appear in the ads on
social media pages. Advertisers, as well as social media sites, must practice responsible
advertising practices and limit their ads to age appropriate audiences. A great
example of this is a case study of a college campus anti-binge drinking
campaign called “The Other Hangover”.
The visuals from this campaign were
geared towards college students. However, when you think about a college campus
there are places where students 18 and older would only go like the library or
cafeteria. However, there are places like the football stadium where both college
students and families may be present. In order to practice social responsibility,
the organizers of this campaign should refrain from posting some of the images
in places where children and adolescents may be. Responsible organizations need
to consider who will be exposed to their messages and if children and
adolescents are a part of the equation, then how can they tailor their message conscientiously.
From the images we choose to the platforms on which we advertise, we can affect
future generations for the good or the bad.